For a lot of us, going is the warm summer water gardening season, and the golden shades of changing leaves mark the approach of the colder season of winter. What we’d like to do is give advice towards the invaluable maintenance. We are here to help you prepare and condition your garden pond for the coming season to ensure over-wintering success with these simple tips:

Remove Excess Debris (Leaves, twigs, etc)

During the build up to autumn and winter, there is an increase in debris that accumulates which adds strain to your pond pumps and filters and piping. It is important to continuously remove fallen leaves as these, if not removed, could cover your pond. It will not only help your equipment operate better, but will prevent any potential damage that could occur if something was to get stuck in there. A little bit of effort eliminates the extra burden placed on expensive pond equipment and helps keep equipment strong and in good working condition. Pond rakes and skimmer nets are ideal for removing small or manageable amount of leaves and debris.

Install Pond Netting

The best way to maximize leaf-removing efforts is to prevent leaves from falling into the pond in the first place. Expand pond netting over the entire pond surface to keep the majority of leaf litter and debris out. Once the immediate threat of falling leaves has passed, unfasten the pond netting and remove the few remaining leaves with a pond rake or net. For those who like to get down and dirty, a pair of lightweight waterproof waders lets you stay dry while performing pond maintenance. Note it is very important to remove these leaves as an increase in leaves in your pond eventually creates a chemical imbalance which will harm your pond’s ecosystem, potentially killing your fish.

Changing the water

Perform a seasonal water change to maintain proper water conditions vital for the health of your pond. By summer's end, the water can become dirty, low in oxygen, and in need of a refresh. A substantial water change, up to 50%, is important to remove contaminants and help maintain improved water conditions throughout the winter. The water change can be performed anytime during autumn, but best if done before the water temperature drops below 60°F (15˚C). This is also a great time to remove organic materials and silt built up on the bottom of your pond.

Bacterial Additives

Condition your pond with bacterial additives specifically formulated to work in cooler water temperatures. Beneficial bacteria will help process organic materials more efficiently, reduce build-up, and eliminate unpleasant odours. Bacterial additives help accelerate the decomposition of leaves, scum, and sediment during the fall and winter months, reducing the build-up of both organic and inorganic particles to create a healthier environment. Add bacterial additives during autumn to fortify the population of beneficial bacteria and condition the pond for the coming spring.

Monitor Water Temperature

Measure and monitor water temperature instead of air temperature. Measuring water temperature is the most accurate way to determine when to change diet, stop feeding, and start feeding your koi and fish again. Remote digital units are now available so you can monitor water temperature without having to step foot outside your home.

Wheat Germ Food for Cooler Water Temperatures

Switch fish foods and gradually reduce feeding as the water temperature falls. When water temperatures drop below 70°F(21˚C), begin mixing your koi's diet with an easier-to-digest, wheat germ food. At below 60°F (15˚C), switch to wheat germ food completely. These foods are fortified with vitamins and minerals to help boost the immune system, offer high nutrition, and help reduce fish waste. At below 40°F, you should stop feeding altogether. This gradual process is important not only to reduce the amount of organic waste in the water, but also for the health of your fish.

De-Icers

In regions that experience freezing winters, keep an area free of ice to allow proper gas exchange. Without an opening in the ice, harmful gasses such as carbon dioxide remain trapped. The supply of dissolved oxygen slowly dwindles, creating a toxic environment for koi and other fish. Thermostatically controlled de-icers are the best way to provide an opening in the pond surface. They are easy to use, energy-efficient, and maintain an opening even in below zero temperatures. NEVER use physical force to break open the ice. Fish are very sensitive to vibrations, and hitting the ice can stun or severely injure fish.

Though it may seem laborious, follow these simple tips and you'll be able to enjoy your water garden year after year by approaching autumn preparations in a sensible, hassle-free manner.

by Dr Foster and Smith