Wood

Wood can be used for bridges, decking and garden buildings - and even as a surrounding for a formal pond. It is generally classified as either hardwood or softwood. Hardwood is slow grown wood from deciduous trees such as oak, elm or ash, while softwoods are usually from pine or other evergreen trees. Most softwoods should be treated in order to stop them from rotting - especially if they are to be in contact with water. Check with the manufacturer that the treatment will not affect the fish or wildlife and avoid anything that has loose knots or splits.

Each type of tree has its own characteristics for strength, ease of handling and cutting , and resistance to water. Freshly cut oak (known as green oak), for instance, is ideal for decking applications as it lasts in water for more than 25 years. It takes on a lovely silver-grey colour, and is relatively inexpensive and easy to work. Avoid beech wood and most other hardwoods unless you have checked its resistance to rotting in water. Carpenters or your wood supplier will advise you.

Use stainless steel, brass or galvanished bolts and screws as others will corrode and damage the wood.